INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

Processor

2010-02-06T09:40:00.007+07:00

The higher the processor's ability to choose the more expensive price. Not just that, the consideration is whether MB can supporting? This is far more important, because the Main Board was a more decisive. Type processor starts from 8086/8087-XT to Pentium IV, 2.8 GB and many producers are out of this product include:

Intel Pentium, IBM, AMD, CYRICS and many more all have advantages and disadvantages, also has a different market. Only in Asia particularly in Indonesia, all of these products can be entered and accepted.

Intel is circulating in the market, there are manifold using Box or Tray (job lot). If you notice the price difference although the recognition by both traders are no different goods quality, their reasons for the additional costs required box prices 5 to 7 U.S. $.

The selection processor may be adapted to our basic needs, whether for activities that require high speed or not. If the need is limited to administrative activities, such as typing and creating simple tables, the computers are no longer required a high speed, maybe enough Pentium 2 or 3 course even if I have to Pentium 1 should suffice. Sometimes we ask the merchant if they give misleading advice. If the available funds are not enough to be a problem, but if funds are limited it will be redundant.

To select the processor, some considerations that must be done as follows:
How much data needs to be we were
How long does it take to complete one job,
How much funding available for it.

Mainboard (MB)

2010-02-06T09:03:00.006+07:00

Many manufacturers are offering Main Board with all the advantages, but we can choose according to the contents of the bag or the ability of the available funds. Main board on the market has variations that are manifold, so before choosing or buying a board game needs some considerations include:

Does the MB can support the other components, such as VGA, modem, TV Toner and others related to computer operations.

If the price consideration, the board's internal facilities or onboard in it should be selected.ü This can save costs such as VGA, Soundcard, Modem and LAN cards, but not all types of MB incorporate these facilities in one package MB.

Consider how many PCI slots are available, whether there or not.ü If you experience problems onboard components, so that can be replaced with external components.

The selection of good MB package is from the producers that include specifications, so it will be easier in the future if we want to improve their performance.

Notice in the main specification of MB on the ability Processor Support, Memory support, Expansion Slots, Power Supply & Management, Graphics System, On-board I / O ports, hardware monitoring and other components are available on the MB.

In the information given above is related to the MB processor support up to xx Gega, and the clock scheme is installed, also of Memory support is also described slots and the maximum amount that can be installed memory.

The level of the computer needs vary widely, but basically can be grouped into the need for offices and individuals. For office activities consist of: The need for a database of personnel, data analysis, research, and Geographies whereas for the individual is more dominant in terms of entertainment. For the specification of components required are very different.

For more individual computer hardware that can prioritize video suporing t graphics and high RAM, in addition to multimedia more prominent than for the needs of the office. For the MB to be selected on individual computers is a slot that has a good AGP VGA (8 or 16x), and has a high chache board memory.

Components Installed On The Computer

2010-02-06T08:32:00.005+07:00

A computer is a combination of 13 components where each other is integrated, so that if one component is not working, then the computer will not function properly. But occasionally one of these components if not functioning properly, but the computer still works, only the function of these components are not be used but does not interfere with the computer work. For example on soundcards, or a modem, although both types of components can not be operational, the computer can still be turned on. But it would be different if the component is the processor die or RAM or a monitor.

To assemble the necessary computer components
as follows:
1. Mainboard
2. Processor
3. RAM (SD RAM / DD RAM)
4. Disk Drive / Floppy Disk
5. Hard disk
6. Casing which has a high power supply 240 watts or more
7. ROOM CD / DVD ROOM read or write
8. Speaker
9. Keyboard
10. Mouse
11. Monitor
12. VGA
13. Soundcard

Above components are standard components on a PC. There was also a optional component / option raft A computer 821 can be installed to complete these requirements, such as modems, printers, scanners, network cards and UPS / Stabilizer.

To get a good computer unit and we have good low-smart pick and sort the products which will be used, such as Mainboard there are more than 50 kinds of brands, were each issued a series of brand variety. For that we need information before deciding which components will be used.

Supporting Computer Components

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Speaker

For those of us who love and hobby of playing music or games that a lot of noise, choice of speakers to be very important. At the first time the PC is there, the sound output is very small, because using a small speaker and not supported by multimedia. With time in the era of the 90s started a sound card issued by a protagonist with a multimedia world soundblasternya create more vivid.

Current developments increasingly sophisticated, which soundcard equipped with sub woofer made a very good sound quality and attractive.

Considerations in selecting the speakers are:
1. The amount available on PNPO these speakers
2. Specifications owned computers
3. Our work space, the surrounding environment, and the atmosphere, so as not to disturb the surrounding environment.

Keyboard

Type the keyboard at this time started to be developed with existing multimedia, where to have tomboltombol multimedia keyboard that can be used as power down, cd player and connect the internet. This is very significant changes in the world of IT continuing to innovate, to growing markets, where the keyboard 90 before the year is still very limited facilities. We have been developing so rapidly, so that until the type of wireless. For this type of keyboard skills in tangkapnya radius 5-7 m in open room or open space. This Keyboad and mouse (usually in one package) can be used for presentations where the presenter does not have near the computer.

Mouse

Mice also developed rapidly, starting from the wireless wirelessly to the type optic. Some companies out there that are 2in1 products (ie keyboard and mouse) is also the issue of plus speaker 3in1. In terms of prices are cheaper, but there was also its weakness is the lack of good sound quality.

Other Computer Components

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Casing
Casing to a computer processor s / d 2 (P II) is a model of AT. After changing the level of the P III and IV then adjust power casing by adding facilities and resources and then became ATX design. The difference in these two types of chassis is the output power and the type of socket to support the existing MB.

In some existing casing in the market, the appearance of so many variations, so attractive to buyers. But most important note in choosing chassis is the power of the power and the number of fans as a cooling / fan.

At this time the existing casing trend in the market again on another desktop models, with variations in lighting and designed the USB socket on the front. Appearance is very interesting and is part of the strategy of computer manufacturers, with prices around 300 thousand rupiah.

Considerations before buying the chassis:
1. Power output its supply a few Watts
2. The number of output cables for cooling purposes and the number of fans / fan installed
3. Form and some animation / knick-pernik.

ROOM CD / DVD ROOM Read Or Write

Many types of CD DRIVE outstanding, but the principle works the same, as the media read and write. The media writes for the price of 2 times the price of the CD DRIVE to read. CD DRIVE with high reading ability at this point is reached 56x, there is no significant difference between low-speed, high-speed delivery in terms of image and song. Only difference was in terms of data transfer or just the data readings.

At this time also has developed DVD, both read and writes media. Real difference in both types of drives are for DVD viewing generated images sharp enough compared to that produced by the VCD, as well as in the case he wrote, DVD capabilities are much greater.

DRIVE CD selection considerations:
1. How big is the data which we will transfer / read all the time
2. Existing computer specifications
3. The frequency of usage between reading data with the use of more multimedia where
4. Condition of funding available
5. Brand and type of CD DRIVE to be purchased.

Complement Component Computer

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Monitor

Type monitor developments have also experienced remarkable technology, which monitors initially using two colors (B / W) at present has grown to the LCD. The many types and brands on the market make it easy for users to adjust the level of needs and conditions of the existing bags. For those who want to enjoy a good view with high resolution can use the LCD type which worth about U.S. $ 495, while those who do not require that the above can be obtained at a price of U.S. $ 88. To measure 15 "almost all brands like Motorola, SPC, Samsung, GTC, and Philips offered with the same relative prices. There are also several brands of monitors that have resolutions even with the same ability to offer lower prices such as Advance, Casper and many more.

VGA

Graphic adapter is often preferred his maniacs gaming, where graphics demands on certain types of games is very demanding high-resolution graphics adapter, so no wonder ditawarkanpun prices very high. To measure only 32 MB worth about 500 thousand, while for the normal needs prices range from 8-16 MB of 150-175 thousands. But this depends on the manufacturer of this product issue. Manufacturers of graphics adapter manufacturers vying to show their ability, both the 3D and others. All of this is to support the existing computer facilities, a choice in our lives how much we would need the resolution, and the funds available are sufficient. If the need for the work we do not demand high for why we should waste money, so enough with the low resolution only.

Soundcard

Besides the type and quality of the sound, shape and very diverse Soundcard model. For those who love the sound system sound output option to be one consideration to determine the type and price. The better the sound quality produced by the more expensive the price offered. The vendor has created this chip in a single unit with the Main Board, which is very efficient both in terms of price and output produced.

If all the above components are assembled into a single computer unit that is ready for operation, make sure that all components of the network and installed the position well, do not there is an upside-down cable, because it can lead to wrong and burning functions.

Hard drive

2010-02-05T17:26:00.005+07:00

Hard drive is a medium for storing data and a system to run all the programs that exist on the computer. Type is very much of a variety of corporate hard drives.

Hard disks have a limited time use, but the duration depends on the frequency of usage in the computer. If ignited nonstop 24 hours, then the age of the hard disk is not more than 2 years or equivalent to 6000-7000 hours.

For that need to be changes over time, and do not forget memback-up data is already saved. Hard disk can not be repaired by just anyone, only the manufacturer who issued the product that can fix it. Itupun limited to mechanical, was damage caused by the sector damaged, can not be repaired and must be replaced with new ones.

The process of making the hard disk itself consists of layers of magnetic sprayed on the surface of the plate is smooth with high technology (Susan B. Sasser et al, 1996). Like a floppy disk or CD Room, then the process of making the hard disk is the same. If the head floppy disk form large, then the hard disk is smaller. Besides, every dish on the hard disk must be spun at high speed, so natural that in a certain time should be replaced with new ones.

On the hard disk low speed (5400 rpm) is usually cheaper than the high speed of 7200 rpm, although the amount of the same capacity. For hard disk high speed is more often found on the user server to the network (Network). As for the low speed is usually used in personal computers at home-the home or office that does not use the network.

Advantages of using a high speed is to access programs and store data more quickly, but in quotes that the difference between the two is subtle, so can not be seen clearly the difference.

Along with the technology running, then the production lately, especially for a large capacity, the plant dare warranty 1-2 years. This is quite reasonable because the amount of space available, and with advances in technology the weaknesses that occurred earlier can be resolved at this time.

Unfortunately not all manufacturers have iktikat well in overcoming the competition, they ignore the quality of hard disks produced in pursuit of price competition. In the end consumers can choose their own where the production that he thinks good or less good.

Disk drives / Floppy disk

2010-02-05T16:40:00.005+07:00

Floppy disks are many kinds of products, but all have the ability and the same relative prices. Typically a floppy disk as a means of communication between one computer to another computer, where we quickly get a document from one computer to another. This also limited to 1.4 MB of data, and do not forget the floppy is often the cause of our computers because infected virus brought from other computers. For that protection is very important on the computer, in order to reject the entry of the virus. At this time many anti-virus preventive programs that can be used, although not all anti-virus works perfectly, but as a necessary step . Each anti-virus has weaknesses and strengths.

Therefore carried a role important enough, then the floppy health need to be considered and protected as possible. Effective way to keep the floppy in good work is routinely used to read and write and cleaned by using an existing disk cleaner.

Often found at the time we want to write into the floppy, suddenly can not be done, so that floppy allegedly damaged, but not necessarily. But if at the time of reading / writing of data is a loud sound or noise from a floppy disk, floppy means that it is damaged.

Actually a lot of damage caused by the floppy disk itself may be in the condition of moldy / dusty so the dust is attached to the floppy its head and can not do his job well.

The Effects Of Virus

2010-01-25T21:30:00.004+07:00

The many effects of the virus also vary. These effects are largely negative.

Some common effects on the infected computer is:

It can sweep all the contents of the hard disk out, and some even reformat the hard disk.

Creating a computer cannot run anymore.

Make Windows to behave strangely, not as usual.v For example, many programs have bugs.

It can stop a running program or making program is behaving strangely.

Showing strange message on the screen or change its color.

Causes files disappeared.

When sending an email to someone in your address book or the person you send an email with a copy of the virus.

Causes messy print documents.

Change the value calculated in Spread Sheet like Microsoft Excel or change characters in a word processor such as Microsoft Word.

And many others.

More Files Or Bring In Super Hidden Folder

2010-01-25T21:28:00.003+07:00

Cases which the author often found on a computer that is infected the virus is the loss of a file or folder that the original, even though the computer was sterile from the virus. This case can be found also on the flash. How do I create more files or folders invisible again ...? (which is usually not just the super-hidden but hidden), thus to tamper with any Folder Option ... there is no point.
Ways to bring more files or folders in the super-hidden, are:

1. Click the Start button

2. Click Run ...

3. Type cmd, then press the Ok

4. Display appears like a DOS screen (first time)

5. Visible on the screen prompt C: \ Documents and Settings \ xxxxx>

6. Navigate to the drive that will appear the file / folder, such as how to type the D drive at C: \ Documents and Settings \ xxxxx> D: and then press ENTER

7. Came the prompt D: \

8. At the prompt type D: \ attrib-s-h *.* / s / d and then press ENTER (if you do not understand what it-s or / s type D: \ attrib /? And then press ENTER)

9. Wait a few moments until the prompt appears again D: \

10. If it appears the prompt D: \ is the task we're done, just close the DOS window by clicking the X or type exit and press enter.

11. Do not attrib drive C as a whole because of the guarantee will not work. Drive C is in protecting the Windows. Only certain folders that can only be attrib on drive C.

Intruder Characteristics

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1. The Curious (The Want to Know) - This type of intruder is basically interested in finding out what type of system and data you have.

2. The Malicious (The Destroyer) - This type of intruder is trying to damage your system, or modify your web page, or otherwise make your time and money recovered.

3. The High-Profile Intruder (The High Profile) - type of intruder is trying to use your system to gain popularity and fame. He might use your high-profile system to advertise his abilities.

4. The Competition (The Rivals) - This type of intruder is interested in the data you have in your system. He may be someone who thinks that you have something that can be benefited him financially or otherwise.

The term for Intruders:

1. Mundane; know about hacking but do not know the methods and processes.

2. Lamer (script kiddies); try script2 ever made by hacking activists, but do not know how to make it.

3. Wannabe; understood little hacking methods, and had begun so successfully through to philosophy; HACK IS MY RELIGION.

4. Larvae (newbie); novice hackers, hacking techniques began to excel at, often experimenting.

5. Hackers; hacking activities as a profession.

6. Wizard; hackers who create learning communities among them.

7. Teachers; master of the master hackers, led to the creation of more tools, powerful tools that can support one hacking activities, but more so the system programming tools are common.

How Process Transmission Happen

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The virus does not take effect until you run an infected program, turn on your computer hard disk with a file system has been infected, or open an infected document.

A computer can be infected by the virus in various ways, such as:
 Floppy disk or Flash disk used by others, used on your computer. Not necessarily disk or Flash disk is virus free.
 Floppy disk or Flash disk that you use at home have been infected from elsewhere, such as offices or other places.
 Attachments that contain email viruses without our knowledge.
 Program developers obtained from infected tissue.
 Program downloaded from the Internet was already infected with the virus.
 Floppy disks or flash disk that is used from the infected computer, then used on another computer.

To prevent the virus does not infect programs on our computer, Antivirus is a very important solution. Many Antivirus is popular enough to be our choice, such as Norton Antivirus, McAfee, Sophos, AVG and so on.

Engineering Protect Computer From Viruses

2010-01-25T20:57:00.003+07:00

There are several ways can be used to prevent attacks against computer viruses, among others:

Ø Protection removable media such as Floppy disk (floppy or flash disk), after you use it.

Ø Find new information on the development of new viruses to avoid, this bias is through the internet.

Ø Do antivirus Live Update regularly to get new programs up to date.

Ø Run Antivirus Auto-protect is to avoid the viruses that can infect your computer.

Ø If the Auto-protect is not running, which can scan was removable disks, such as floppy or flash disk.

Ø Set the time to scan automatically and regularly.

Ø Be careful in receiving emails from outside that you do not know. Do not carelessly opening the attachment, the file could be infected by the virus.

Ø Do not make your email program to perform Auto run email attachments.

Ø Run Blocking Worm to avoid sending an infected email attachment.

Ø Run Blocking Script to detect any symptoms of virus activity.

Ø Set the recommended maximum protection to the Antivirus settings.

Ø If necessary, the isolation of important system from source potential virus attacks such as network, Internet, and programs that are not important.

In addition, it is important also to prepare the device in case of transmission to the computer. The important things to improve computer security from viruses is as follows:

Ø Back up files regularly and keep a safe place, also store other than the computer place.

Ø If you use a computer that does not run from a CD, create the Emergency Disk, and then scan the computer with the emergency disk.

Ø If your computer using Windows 98 or ME, make a Rescue Disk is up to date, which you can use to run the computer in DOS mode, and using Norton Antivirus to fix problems associated with the virus and restore the system crash.

Computer Security Aspects

2010-01-25T20:50:00.003+07:00

According to Garfinkel [Simson Garfinkel, "PGP: Pretty Good Privacy," O'Reilly & Associates Ateş, Inc.., 1995. ]

1. Privacy / Confidentiality

ü Definition: keeping information from people who are not entitled to access.

ü Privacy: is more toward the data private nature, eg e-mail a user (the user) should not be read by the administrator.

ü Confidentiality: associated with the data supplied to other parties for certain purposes and only allowed for certain purposes such.

ü Example: a data-private data (such as name, place of birth dates, social security number, religion, marital status, who have suffered illness, credit card number, etc.) must be protected in the use and distribution.

ü Forms of attack: wiretapping efforts (with sniffer programs).

ü The efforts that can be done to improve the privacy and confidentiality is to use cryptographic technology.

2. Integrity

ü Definition: the information should not be changed without permission from the owner of the information.

ü Example: e-mail in the intercept in the middle of the road, changed it, and then forwarded to the destination address.

ü Forms of attack: The existence of viruses, trojan horses, or other user to change the information without permission, "man in the middle attack" where a person put themselves in the middle of the conversation and masquerading as someone else.

3. Authentication

ü Definition: a method to declare that the information truly original, or people who access or provide information is really the person in question.

ü Support:

ü The Tools to prove the authenticity of documents, can be done with Digital watermarking technology (to protect "intellectual property", ie the marking of documents or the work of the "signature" creator) and digital signatures.

ü Access control, namely those related to restrictions that can access the information. Users must use a password, biometric (characteristics of people), and the like.

4. Availability

ü Definition: relating to the availability of information when needed.

ü Examples of barriers:

ü "denial of service attack (DoS attack), where the server sent a request (usually false) that repeatedly or unexpected demand that cannot serve other requests or even down, hangs, crashes.

ü mailbomb, where a user sent an e-mail address repeatedly (say thousands of e-mail) with a large size so that the user can not open an e-mail or difficulty accessing e-mails.

5. Access Control

ü Definition: how to access the settings to the information. related to the problem

ü Authentication and privacy

ü Method: using a combination of userid / password or by

ü Using other mechanisms.

6. Non-repudiation

ü Definition: this aspect of keeping a person cannot deny a deal has been done. Support for electronic commerce.

What And How Viruses

2010-01-25T20:45:00.004+07:00

What happens when we are busy, fun to do the work computer suddenly we use instead impaired can result in a mess of our work files and lost without us knowing why. Maybe we'll upset, angry and too lazy to continue the work. Yes, it is one of the impact caused by viruses that attack our computers.

Indeed the virus reproduces and attacks without the computer owner's knowledge. Viruses do actions multiply himself and attacked. Viruses do any action to destroy the virus because the program to destroy. Because the virus is often a scourge for us because it often causes confusion in our work.

There are many definitions of the virus. There are definite as a software virus that is destructive and have the ability to reproduce themselves. Another definition states that the virus is a program that can be attached to other programs and have the ability to reproduce themselves. Specifically, there are also interpreted as a program that the virus reproduces itself by attaching its code on an executable file (*. exe) to run. Simple example infected executable file is a program file *. com or *. exe, file attachments or library files are also used by the EXE file.

In addition to the above understanding, the virus can also be defined with the following criteria:

1. The virus has the ability to duplicate themselves. These duplications may vary, depending on type of the virus itself.

2. Viruses need a place to reproduce itself, like a good file contained in the servers, workstations, disks, documents, or System Boot Record.

Understanding of many of the viruses, it can be concluded that the virus is a program or software that can replicate itself in a source code with the intent to do something in the computer system without the computer user aware, and usually causes damage to the infected computer.

Removing Autorun.Inf From Flash Disk, MMC Etc

2010-01-25T20:41:00.004+07:00

The spread of virus via removable media (Flash disks, MMC, etc.), now rapidly its development. The use of removable media-over, and resulted in many people simply use it, especially to move data from 1 PC to another PC, or run applications directly used in it without any installation.

Negative impacts from the use of removable media erratic inter-wrote this PC can infect many PC-been inserted removable media you the little off guard antivirus update, or your antivirus is not able to detect the latest variants of the virus on your PC so be prepared virus .

Typically, a virus or malware reply from removable media using a tactic use autorun.inf. To be able to anticipate the attacks to use the autorun.inf autorun eater wrote software can delete the file autorun.inf, even before the user tried to access the drive. Autorun eater also has a backup facility, if you want to recover the autorun.inf file.

Know Your Virus Type 10

2010-01-25T20:38:00.004+07:00

Basically, viruses are so many. Each has different characteristics of different definitions.
The types of the virus will be described one by one:

1. Virus Files

Virus file attached to program files, generally files *. EXE or *. COM. Virus file using different techniques to infect other program files. The virus can also infect files *. SYS files, *. DRV, *. *. OVL and OVY. Most virus files oversee all activities of computer users and infect other program files. The virus infects other files are under "direct attack" so that the virus infects one or more files computer programs when a user runs the file. These viruses can move from one medium to all types of storage media and spread in a network.

2. Virus system

Virus system is also known as a boot virus that is often found in the floppy or flash disk without the user's knowledge. When a computer user to start (restart) the computer, the virus will infect the system Master Boot Sector and Boot Sector If the system disk or flash disk in the drive infected.

3. Dropper Virus

Dropper is a program that created or modified to install a virus on a computer that became the target of attack. Dropper same principle as an envelope in which there is a virus. What is a virus spread, not the dropper. Dropper bias in the course there are several types of viruses. Dropper can be a file name such as Readme.exe, or through Command.com which become active when the program began. Viruses can deprogram code such as viruses and virus scanners do not find it. Fortunately, most can be detected.

4. Companion Virus

The virus of this type for *. EXE file to create a *. COM file and copy it to put the virus. The reason the file *. COM *. run before EXE files. The program will run as usual and everything seemed normal for computer users.

5. Virus Multi partition

This virus is a combination of many different types of viruses. This type of virus can infect the boot area and the executable file and can infect over a network.

6. Macro Virus

This virus has the same behavior with most viruses, macro viruses but is made with an application programming language programming language rather than an operating system, such as macro in contained in Microsoft Word.

7. Worm

Worm including computer programs that are parasites that can duplicate themselves. However, the worm does not resemble viruses because they do not infect other computer programs. Worm does not require a special place. Therefore, the worm is not classified as a virus despite having the same characteristics with the virus. Mainframe computer is the type often attacked by the worm. Transmission / spread of the worm on the other computers over a network. This causes the system becomes overloaded continuously.

8. Trojan Horse

Also called Trojan horses. Trojan horses do not spread like the others. Therefore, Trojan horses do not belong to the virus despite having the same characteristics. Trojan infects a computer through a file seems harmless and usually it seems to do something useful. But eventually become dangerous viruses, such as formatting the hard disk.

9. Polymorphic Viruses

This virus can be said smart virus because the virus can change its structure after making the task difficult to be detected by the Antivirus.

10. Stealth Virus

This virus is a type of virus that is designed to hide themselves afar difficult to be detected. This virus uses a clever way, namely by modifying the file structure to hide the additional program code therein. Measures file does not change after the virus infects the file.